Examining Dorothea Orems Self Care Deficit Theory

Examining Dorothea Orems Self Care Deficit Theory Dorothea Orems theory, self-care deficit, is one of the famous models used in nursing today. In 1914, Dorothea Orem was born in Baltimore, Maryland. First, Orem studied at Providence Hospital school of Nursing in Washington D.C. and received her nursing diploma in 1930s. After that, Orem continued to study, and got her Bachelor of Science in Nursing Education in 1939 and Master of Science in Nursing Education in 1945, both from the Catholic University of America (Hartweg, 1995). She has received her honorary degree of Doctor of Science from Georgetown University in 1976 and 1980. Orem also earned CUA Alumni Association Award for Nursing Theory in 1980. Moreover, in 1988, she received Doctor of Humane Letters from Illinois Wesleyen University, and awarded the Linda Richards Award. In addition, she also received National League for Nursing in 1991 and Honorary Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing in 1992. In 1998, she earned the Doctor of Nursing Honoris Causae from the University of Missouri. In her early experiences, she worked in operating room nursing, private duty nursing, pediatric and adult medical and surgical units, evening supervisor in the emergency room, and biological science technician. Other than that, from 1940 to 1949, Orem has taken the position as director in both nursing school and the department of nursing at Providence Hospital in Detroit. From 1949 to1957, Orem had worked for the Division of Hospital and Institutional Services of the Indiana State Board of Health to upgrade the quality of nursing in general hospitals throughout the state. While working, she had noted that nurses had difficulty articulating needs to hospital administrators in the face of demands made upon them regarding such issues as length of stay, scheduling admissions and discharges, etc. (McLaughlin-Renpenning and Taylor, 2002). Thus, she started to develop her definition of nursing practices. After reflecting upon her own nursing experiences, Orem says an understanding that the reason why individuals could benefit from nursing was the existence ofà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦self care limitations (Orem, 1978, cited in Fawcett, 2005, p.230). Orem then moved to Washington D.C. in 1957 and become a consultant in the Office of Education. She was working to improve the nursing component of a vocational nursing curriculum. After that, she realized that the curriculum couldnt be determined until there was an understanding of the subject matter of nursing in general. In 1959, she took the position as an assistant professor at The Catholic University of America, where she continued to develop her concept of nursing and self-care. Orems ideas were further formalized after she joined the Nursing Development Conference Group (NDCG). This group, who came together in 1968, was committed to the development of structured nursing knowledge and to nursing as a practice discipline (Hartweg, 1995). Orem says her ideas are primarily the result of reflecting upon her experiences and she was not influenced by any one person, but she states that formal logic and metaphysics were among other disciplines that influenced her work. (Hartweg, 1991) In 1970s, she has first published her book, titled Nursing: Concepts of Practice. It was the conceptual frameworks original publication. Orems work characterized as a time for changes within the nursing profession, being a time for planning, researching and expanding nursing roles. (Chinn Kramer, 2004) Orem defined nursing as an act of assisting others in the provision and management of self-care to maintain or improve human functioning at home level of effectiveness. In general, nursing is an act of proving of self-care for person who needed in order to maintain the optimal health and wellness. Everyone possesses the ability and responsibility to care for themselves and dependents. Nursing is a service to people, not a derivative of medicine. Nursing promotes the goal of patient self-care. According to Orems theory, it is divided into three parts, which are theory of self-care, self-care deficit and nursing system. Theory of self care Orems self-care theory is based on the concepts of self-care, self-care agency, self-care requisites and therapeutic self-care demand. Self-care consists of those activities performed individually by a person to promote and maintain personal well-being throughout life. Self care agency is the ability of a person to perform their self-care activities. Self-care agency consists of two agents, self-care agent and dependent care agent. Self-care agent is a person who provides the self-care and dependent care agent is a person other than the individual who provides the care, for example, the patients. Therapeutic self care demand is the totality of self care actions to be performed for some duration in order to meet self care requisites by using valid methods and related sets of operations and actions. Self-care requisites also called as self-care needs. It is an action directed towards provision of self care. There are three categories of self care requisites, which are universal, developmental and health deviation. Universal self-care requisites are defined as the needs that are common to all individuals activities of daily living. Moreover, the universal self-care requisites are identified by eight elements, which are air, water, food, elimination, activity and rest, solitude and social interactions, prevention of harm, and promotion of normality. Developmental self-care requisites are the needs resulting from the interventions and teachings designed to return a person to or sustain a level of optimal health and well being. For example, educate the child on toilet using and eat healthy diet. Health deviation self-care requisites are the needs resulting from illness, injury and disease or its treatment. Theory of Self-Care Deficit Theory of self-care deficit is the self-care needed by a person when their ability has achieved certain limitation. In another meaning is that a person benefits from nursing intervention when a health situation inhibits their ability to perform self-care or creates a situation where their abilities are not sufficient to maintain own health and wellness. The nursing action will be focuses on identification of limitation and implementing appropriate interventions to meet the needs of person. Nursing is required when an adult is incapable in the provision of continuous effective self-care. In addition, there are five methods of helping identified by Orem, which are acting (or doing for another), guiding, supporting (physically or psychologically), teaching and providing an environment to promote the patients ability to meet current or future demands. The nurse can use any of these to help the individual. Theory of Nursing Systems Theory of nursing system is defined as the nursing interventions needed when individual are unable to perform the necessary self-care activities. In other way of meaning, this theory also defined as a series of actions a nurse takes to meet a patients self-care needs. It describes the nursing responsibilities, roles of the nurse and patient, rationales for the nurse-patient relationship, and the types of actions needed to meet the patients demands. Nursing system composed of three systems, which are wholly compensatory, partial compensatory and supportive-educative. Wholly compensatory is a nurse need to provide full self-care for the patient, because the patients self-care agency has exceeded the limitation that he or she must depends on others (nurse) for well-being. For examples, the coma patient paralysed patient or mental retardation patient. Partial compensatory is some self-care requisites that need the assistant from nurse to meet, but some can be done by patient. For example, give assistance in ambulation for the patient who is following on surgery. Supportive-educative is a nurses action of using knowledge, support and encouragement to develop the self-care abilities of patient in terms of decision making or behavior control. For example, advising the teenagers on effects of smoking or taking drugs. The reason why I choose to write Dorothea Orem is because I feel curious to know more about her after Madam Jaya taught us about the nursing theorists. During in that class, I heard that Madam Jaya said she likes Orems theory. So, when I read the theory, I started to feel like to know more about her and how she comes out with such theory. After I did some research on Dorothea Orem, I found that I started to like her theory. Its true that when an individual has exceeded their limitation of abilities, the self-care deficits occur. Thus, provision of self-care is needed to assist the individual to cope up the activities in daily living.

The Employability Paradigm Essay -- Denis O’Sullivan’s Cultural Politi

The Employability Paradigm Denis O’Sullivan’s Cultural Politics and Irish Education since the 1950’s (2006) makes the argument that early school leaving has traditionally been understood as a failure of the individual to succeed within mainstream schooling. This essay plans to outline and support O’Sullivan’s argument and also to show how the political and educational system in Ireland has created a criterion for success which guarantees a certain amount of failure. O’Sullivan’s (2006) argues that the Employability Paradigm which emerged in the 1970’s served to distinguish a group of students who were not achieving the standard needed to guarantee employment. Employability is the assessment of those with the lowest chance of success in an economically motivated nation. It posits that intervention is necessary to prevent those individuals who have failed within the system from being dependent on social welfare and subsequently from being socially excluded (O’Sullivan 2006). In the early 1970’s, Ireland’s entry into the European economy and the changing employment market combined to connect education attainment to employability. As a result, educational credentials became the accepted way of assessing ability and this served to focus attention on those leaving school early with little or no qualifications. O’Sullivan argues that while the policy of the state, on the surface, seemed to support equal opportunity with the provision of free access to secondary education, the reality for most working class students was far from equitable. There were limited interventions available for those who needed help to develop the skills needed to benefit from access to secondary education and these students became disenfranchised. The disc... ...ing and Youth Labour Markets: A Cross-National Analysis IN: Blanchflower, D. and Freeman, R.Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Mac Einri, P. 1997. Some Recent Demographic Developments in Ireland. [Online] Available from: http://migration.ucc.ie/etudesirlandaises.htm [Accessed 7th May 2012] O’Dubhslainà ©, A. 2006. The White Paper On Education: A Failure To Invest. Student Economic Review. 20 p 115 O’Sullivan, D. 2006. Cultural Politics and Irish Education since the 1950’s. Ireland: Cork University Press. Ronayne, T. 2004. Regions Without Work: Unemployment and Labour Market Policy in Ireland. [Online] Available from: http://www.wrc.ie/publications/regionsw.pdf [Accessed 7th May 2012] Stokes, D. 2004. Submission to the Youth Justice Agency. [Online] Available from: www.youthreach.ie [Accessed 7th May 2012]

Parents Should Use Physical Force to Discipline Children Essay

Introduction                     Discipline is a set instructions laid down for correction and training. It can be in form of punishment, physical activity, exercise or training aimed at changing and/or improving the behavior of the person being corrected. Discipline has always been seen as forceful correction, thus bringing negativity in its perception (Foucault, 1977). Generally, for any parent, a child should grow in a manner that pleases the parent and the community. The use of force has always been associated with the phrase â€Å"to discipline†. Physical force when used by a parent in disciplining a child, may leave a mark on the body of the child that will always serve as a reminder to the child whenever the child goes wrong. But it’s the way to child abuse. Schwan (2011) states the mark will serve as reminder thus bring self-control in any child whom is a victim, thus the willpower that will drive the child what is right. With self-control, comes motivation that is the steering to propel a victim. Physically inflicting pain brings training and control. Training is a routine as well as control therefore calling the parent to come out strongly and be ready to bring back the child to the desired direction any time the child goes wrong. Force can be quick and effective because not all children react to other forms that parent use to discipline them, this is true for children with hearing impairment as a disability, under this situation parents are left with no option but to use force to make the child grow in accordance to the ways that pleases not only the parents but the society to which the child belong. References Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2011).  Human aggression and violence: Causes, manifestations, and consequences. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Fairchild, J. H. (1892).  Moral science: Or, The philosophy of obligation. New York: Sheldon & Co. Crosser, S. (2005).  What do we know about early childhood education?: Research based practice. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning. Films on Demand., & Films Media Group. (2010).  Breaking the Cycle of Abuse. Lawrenceville, NJ: Films Media Group. Source document

Concert Critique # 1 Essays - Accompaniment, African-American Music

Concert Critique # 1 Essays - Accompaniment, African-American Music MUL 2380 M W - 7:05p 8:20p 10/28/2015 Concert Critique # 1 On October 2, 2015, The Jazz Station in Homestead hosted a unique and spectacular jazz concert playing the Afterglow Party. The performance was primarily a display for Harmonic Laboratory, a collection of artists situated in Florida International University. The concert was located in the Hult Center Lobby and featured works from several promising musicians who came up with an assortment of unique musical combinations. This was an ideal chance to witness an extensive diversity of music, which for the beginner jazz enthusiast, was wonderful. However, it was not only the music but also several different works of art that made this show successful. The ambiance in the Hult Center Lobby was largely responsible for the success of the jazz concert. The management had installed dim lighting and added the sensitive touch of a candle on each table that gave the whole concert a romantic feel. Although the Hult Center Lobby was packed with revelers and artists, the atmosphere was generally peac eful and soothing. There was likeability and effortlessness in the way each of the performances took place. One of the spectacular aspects of this performance was the addition of Harmonic Laboratory. The performance by this group was tremendously enjoyed because it seemed easier to listen and analyze the music. The first song that the group played captivated the whole crowd while the second performance was equally entertaining. Immediately the first song began, I realized they were singing several familiar tunes. In the music, I managed to grasp a basic right hand melody being played that gave the piece a lighthearted sound. The next showcase was a quartet with a tenor sax, the piano and trombone. This performance could be categorized as my favorite performance in the whole event. The music had a supernatural and mystifying tune achieved by playing with minors. There was a strong prominence on the antiphony aspect (call and response) particularly at the start of the music. Using minor notes and keys generated conflicting noises occasionally in the process of the performance. In this quartet, the audience was given the privilege of viewing all the instruments on stage including the tenor sax, the piano and trombone. One skill the saxophone player was particularly adept at was the repeated use of sequential chords instead of the conventional ringing (arpeggios). The piano player would also play a strong tune simultaneously and then simmer down gradually. There was undoubtedly a rough feeling to this performance. The song would have made a convincing soundtrack for a James Wan movie such as Saw. This music had everything an accomplished jazz song should have and I was beside myself with satisfaction and admiration. Towards the conclusion, the music gradually developed its climax and then it abruptly ended. The next performance was the whole group Harmonic Laboratory and involved all the instruments on stage. The song began slowly and disorganized but soon picked up into the conventional stay rhythm that is common to jazz. The trombone began and followed by the trumpet and lastly, the piano. This blend and the way the music was played gave off a genuinely depressed feeling. The sound was somewhat gloomy. The two instruments were also competing with each other and kept overlapping and increasing in volume. In between the pauses, the leader of the group casually talked to us, and he kept us engaged as they prepared the next set. The song entitled What a Wonderful World by Louis Armstrong was played by a quartet having a drum set, a bass guitar and piano. The drum set started the piece and applied exceptionally strong kicks and snares to stress the melody. The bass guitar joined in a little later with a rougher accent after which Jeremy Schropp finally kicked in with the piano. All the players used a 4/4 time with a temporary interjection by the bassist who resorted to chords one and three using the right hand. The music was unquestionably a combination of soul and blues. It had strong beats and ostinato (repealed bass lines) that made most of the audience starts to nod their heads and tap their feet. Towards the conclusion of the song, the piano started to get more dominant

Different Texts, Similar Themes essays

Different Texts, Similar Themes essays Today and forever in the future we will look back and reflect on the past, the good experiences, the bad experiences. However, the bad experiences always seem to be the most remembered. This is because the bad experiences the world has suffered have been horrific in many cases and have ultimately changed the way we live today. Authors and composers continue to recap the happenings of the past through novels, reports, movies, articles and much more. But do they really grasp the ideas? Do they really know how the people of the world suffered in the recounts they produce, when they really happened? It appears today that some composers have more ideas than others, what life was really like in these times and the way they present their work shows this. Two of many examples convey the times of the past to do with dehumanisation include; One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexsandr Solzhenitsyn and the film Schindlers List directed by Steven Spielberg. Schindlers List is the true story of Oskar Schindler, a very well respected man. A native German, he relocated to Corocon, Poland after it fell into German hands so he could capitilise on Jewish labour at slave wages. There he established an enamelware factory and made obscene amounts of money, while wining, dining and bribing nazi officials to get his way. But while Schindler was profiting from the Jews work, he became disgusted by the way they were being treated. He slowly became more sympathetic towards the Jews, his attitude changing while realizing that what was happening was wrong and that he could do something about it. He began to use his money and his influence to bring more Jews into his factory, a haven where they were not beaten or killed. Or as Mr Welsh placed it; Schindler used his power to gain things for himself then used it for the Jews. By the end of World War II., Schindlers List of Jews to be saved ha ...

Assignment 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment 6 - Essay Example The data obtained reveals that learners are gifted differently, and there is a need to attend to them based on their abilities. This provides a platform for teachers to attend to learners with special needs. Necessary assistance would be extended to such learners. Assessing this type of records would be relatively easy with the assistance from subject teachers and administrators of the school. Working closely with parents would help avail necessary documents of previous performance. The author is involved as a principal in a school in Southern Oregon characterized by transition of leadership, where he replaces a principle that left little to be desired. The school has 86% annual student transient rate with a high teacher turnover. Parents’ involvement is low, and all is left to the teachers. The principal aims to turn things around and pull the high-poverty community together. The new principal is keen to realize the key affected areas in his new school. The teachers are alienated in decision-making, and their opinions are overlooked. The learners are not addressed appropriately, and there is a case of multiage grouping. Such a decision affects the overall performance of the learners, in the long run. Cooperative learning is poorly executed leading to a great deal of â€Å"Davids† in the institutions. Another problem is full class inclusion without paying attention to gifted and learners with special needs. The author further realizes that language learning was a mystery topic. With the involvement of teachers, he engages in an action research with an aim to have things work perfectly. He designs a plan to higher new teachers for the school to meet the demands of the learners. The learners would need instructors competent enough to better them. The principal purposes to meet the key parents for their involvement. They would support teachers establish the most conducive environment in the school. He identified requirements in the new

Managing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 3

Managing - Essay Example He perceives power as dispersed as opposed to previous conceptions of power as concentrated and possessed. He also views power as conversational rather than virtuously coercive. The terms ‘power and knowledge’ are applied by Foucault to suggest that power is founded through recognized forms of knowledge, logical understanding and reality. This paper reflects and explains Foucault’s claim by focusing on managerial work and management power/roles. It discusses Foucault’s body of work on power and discipline. It supports Foucault’s approach withreference to published empirical examples. The paper also depicts the application of Foucault’s approach to power and order to management practice. Pfeffer (1993) defines power as the deliberate inducement on the opinions, feelings and conduct of people to achieve a particular objective. In the absence of power, cooperation among people may not be achieved and hence social order cannot be achieved. Power in organizations is manifest in leaders who apply different means of exercising the power vested in them to accomplish their goals. Foucault (1977) asserts that people in positions of power exercise it as opposed to possessing it. In other words, positions of power have been created in organizations as a strategy to develop infrastructure for enhancement of discipline. It therefore does not matter who possesses the power as such a person can be replaced by another and power in the organization will remain. Power forms the political structures of social organizations that operate to initiate the non-egalitarian and disproportionate relations. Organizations are established through human relations, which are characterised by inher ent power (Knights and Willmott, 1989). Power is therefore not restricted to an individual but rather is engaged and implemented through a